Hydrogen Energy Production Technologies
Hydrogen energy production technologies are growing in numbers with the aspiration for a greener and cleaner environment. And it is an undeniably emerging economy.
Research and development for the use of these technologies has resulted to over 500 existing refueling stations all over the world as of February 2014 with more being built on a regular basis. (Data from the list made by Fuel Cells 2000). This is indicative of the viability and acceptability of it as an alternative to fossil fuel.
Manufacturing technologies includes:
Make it from natural gas by means of three different chemical processes:
- Steam reforming (steam methane reforming – SMR)
- Partial oxidation (POX)
- Autothermal reforming (ATR)
FLOW CHART OF A STEAM REFORMER:
- Feed Pre-Treatment
- Reforming & Steam Generation
- High Temperature Conversion
- Heat Exchanger Unit
- Purification Unit * optional, depending on reformer design a either heat exchanger for low pressure reformer or compression to 1 bar for high pressure reformer Flow Chart of a Steam Reformer
Source/s:HyFLEET:CUTE Production from coal through a variety of gasification processes: e.g.
- fixed bed
- fluidised bed or entrained flow
Production from Capture and storage of CO2
- Post-combustion
- Pre-combustion
- Oxyfuel-combustion
Production from Water Electrolysis
- Alkaline Electrolysis
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolysis
- High Temperature Electrolysis
- Photo-electrolysis (photolysis)
- Photo-biological production (biophotolysis)
- Thermo-chemical water splitting
Production from Biomass
- Steam Gasification (direct or indirect)
- entrained flow gasification
- gasification in supercritical water
The first commercial production technology, dates from the late 1920s, was the electrolysis of water for pure hydrogen production. In the 1960s, the industrial production of hydrogen shifted slowly towards a fossil-based feedstock, which is the main source for hydrogen today.
Current world production is not monitored, but is estimated at around 45 million tons, or 500 million cubic metres, per year. If used for energy purposes, this would be roughly equivalent to 1% of global primary energy demand. The vast majority of this is produced by reforming fossil fuels (see Table 1), principally natural gas but also oil and coal. Roughly half of this global production is used in the manufacture of ammonia-based fertilizers, with oil refineries accounting for most of the remainder.
Source/s:CAN-Europe Tech Sheet 09
Return to Hydrogen Fuel Page
Return from Hydrogen Energy Production to Making Hydrogen Home Page
Join In Building The Hydrogen As Fuel Movement!
Do you consider Hydrogen as a clean and green alternative fuel? Feature YOUR Hydrogen Stories and engage others to join in. As we grow in numbers a movement will emerge.
Your Story, Your Voice to Advance the Movement! And "Be the Change You Want to Be!"
Get Curious! See What Other Visitors Have Said!
Click below to read other visitors' exciting contributions to this page, pressing on towards Hydrogen As Fuel Movement Agenda...
Hydrogen! Hydrogen space/atmospheric fleet coming soon! Not rated yet
Hydrogen is going to be a shining beacon of hope that will lead us into the 22nd century..... And beyond!
Newsletter
What's your Favorite Way of Making Hydrogen?
At the end of the day, Making-Hydrogen.com is about how to create hydrogen from solar power to bacteria! What is the coolest way you have discovered in making hydrogen?